The procedure can take up to 20 years in a cemetery with alkaline soil, but the results are the same: a clean skeleton that can be returned to the family with dignity. In many cases, dental compounds such as fillings also go up in smoke, sending mercury vapors into the air unless the crematorium has a chimney filter. The firms founder, Sandy Sullivan, is standing to his left. . The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site. AH is purported to use about one-seventh of the energy required for traditional cremation. He explained how each process works in the two videos below. As heat, pressure, and solution are combined to break down the body, the bones are the only ones left. Indiana does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. In fact, it probably has less of a chemical signature than would you find (in liquids) coming out of most (industrial) plants, Ross said. Read more about the process of alkaline hydrolysis on the website for the Cremation Association of America. Kansas legalized alkaline hydrolysis in 2011, when the state broadened its definition of cremation to include methods other than "direct exposure to intense heat and flame." Water cremation is the most environmentally friendly of all cremation methods, accounting for one tenth of the carbon footprint. In the end, traditional cremation sends its byproducts up into the air. All organic material is reduced to its most basic building blocks. Water cremation, in other words, converts the bodys tissues and cells into molecules and dissolves the body, leaving only the bones. Alkaline hydrolysis, also known as liquid cremation, biocremation, aquamation, or resomation, is the process of dissolving the remains of humans and animals in an alkaline solution. Our products are covered by our No Hassle return policy. Alkaline hydrolysis was legalized in New Hampshire in 2006 but the law was later repealed in 2008 before any facilities offered the process. It is changing fast. Larger bodies with greater stores of fat provide more fuel to the fire. document.getElementsByClassName("elementor-element-566e7d2")[0].innerHTML = "";
This offer cannot be used by 1) Trade library or academic sales account. Alkali pretreatment can cause partial degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose through several reactions depending on conditions such as (1) above 100C, peeling-off reaction occurs, which consists in the degradation of reducing end groups (aldehydes) contained in cellulose ( Loon and Glaus, 1997 ); (2) above 150C, hydrolysis of glycosidic Experts say it's basically a very accelerated version of natural decomposition that occurs to the body over many years after it is buried in the soil. Alkaline hydrolysis equipment is expensive; it may cost a provider between $150,000 and $400,000 to purchase an AH unit, depending on the size of the machine as well as the temperature and pressure at which the system can operate. But at the same time, alkaline hydrolysis still uses electricity that comes from a coal power plant. The body is then heated to a temperature approximately 160 C (320 F). How Much Does Alkaline Hydrolysis Cost? Still, the visual picture that creates is not very attractive. He presented the Jupiter Big Idea Award to Resomation, Ltd. at the 2010 The Observer Ethical Awards. In water cremation, also known as aquamation and alkaline hydrolysis, liquid water, 5% alkali solution, elevated heat, and water are used to dissolve the chemical bonds that hold protein together. To put this in perspective, renewable hydrogen cost can be USD 2-3/kg H 2 today with good renewable resources and USD 4-5/kgH 2 with average resources. It is an alternative to traditional flame-based cremation, and is often seen as a more environmentally friendly option. Utah passed a bill specifically allowing for alkaline hydrolysis in 2018. New Jersey does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ Photo courtesy of The Observer. Alkaline hydrolysis is a chemical process that uses a solution of 95% water and 5% potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to reduce a body to components of liquid and bone. Thats enough energy to release 573 lbs. The process uses a mixture of water and alkali to accelerate natural decomposition. Aquamation is More Eco-Friendly Than Cremation, In addition to generating high heat, it decomposes the bodys tissues, allowing them to decompose at temperatures as high as 1400 degrees Fahrenheit. Some retorts can handle 8 to 12 bodies in a 24-hour period. The amount of water that can be generated varies depending on the operating temperature of the equipment; an aquatic process typically takes 6-8 hours, or 18-20 hours. of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to environmental analysts. Texas does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis: the reduction of a dead human body to essential elements through a water-based dissolution process using alkaline chemicals, heat, agitation, and pressure to accelerate natural decomposition, the processing of the hydrolyzed remains after removal from the alkaline hydrolysis vessel, placement of the processed remains in a Green Cremation is a five-star funeral home with locations throughout the United States. How Does Alkaline Hydrolysis Actually Work? Alkaline water has a higher pH level than regular drinking water.Because of this, some advocates of alkaline water believe it can neutralize the acid in your body. At an alkaline hydrolysis symposium in February 2017, Sullivan got into a heated discussion with Samantha Sieber - Wilson's daughter and vice-president of research at Bio-Response - over the . The sterile process water is released for recycling (our bodies are approximately 65% water to begin with), and only the inorganic bone minerals remain. Anthony A. Lombardi, division manager for Matthews Cremation, demonstrates a bio-cremation (AH) machine. The process is billed as environmentally friendly though it uses anywhere from 100-300 gallons of water per treatment, which must be cooled and chemically altered to reduce the slurry's high pH levels before entering the wastewater system. Aquamation machines (specifically the PET-400 alkaline hydrolysis machine, Bio-Response Solutions, Inc.) cost around 70,000 dollars and can hold 400 pounds or approximately 14 animals. The water cremation service provided by Bio-Response Solutions was ordered by an Ohio funeral director in 2010. is the most cost-intensive and may lization and recovery of valuable components and energy (Khanal et al. Montana does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. If youre interested in alkaline hydrolysis and your state isnt on the list, the good news is that the list of states that have legalized it has been steadily growing. As a result of the process, bone remains and a green-brown liquid are preserved. So how do you cremate a body without a fire? This mixture is set at a high pressure and heated to between 200-300 degrees. However, the powder of leftover bone fragments can be given to the family to keep in an urn, bury or scatter in a meaningful place. Aquamation produces no damaging greenhouse gases or mercury and does not require the use of fossil fuels. Alkaline hydrolysis was explicitly legalized in 2014, when the Senate Commerce & Human Resources Committee adopted the process in a docket that amended the, Alkaline hydrolysis was legalized in Illinois in 2012, when the legislature redefined "cremation" to specifically include the process. Pennsylvania does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. What does it mean to donate your body to science? Limit one coupon per transaction. After the chamber has been heated to 350 degrees Fahrenheit, it is sealed for an extended period of time. j.async = true; The cost of an AH machine can range from $200,000 to $400,000, depending on its size and capacity. However, the process is considered a legal method of final disposition because Missouri lawmakers and the state funeral board consider the definition of "cremation" to include the process of alkaline hydrolysis. Much of the research on alkaline hydrolysis exists due to its heavy adoption in the scientific fields. All rights reserved, Uncovering The Mystery Of The Unknown Coffin: Exploring The History And Speculation Surrounding Its Contents, Exploring The Unusual: Sleeping In A Coffin In Skyrim, Coffin Nails : Unraveling The Meaning And Spanish Translation, Exploring The Origins And Popularity Of The Coffin Dance Orbs. Its very similar to the treatment of excess water from any (industrial) facility. w[l] = w[l] || []; As of the writing of this post (early 2018), alkaline hydrolysis is currently legal in the following 15 states: California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont and Wyoming. With a targeted service life of 30,000 hours, the unit currently achieves a price of $7.30/kg, which corresponds to $0.19/kWh (calorific value). Edwards charged families the same base price for an alkaline hydrolysis disposition as for a direct cremation: $695. Many have uncomfortably analogized this process to "pouring bodies down the drain," a characterization that often overlooks the fact that body fluids and blood are routinely poured down the drain during traditional embalming practices. } )( window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MFVH8LD' ); The cost of alkaline hydrolysis varies by funeral home and geography, but it is usually at a similar price point to a direct cremation (usually between $1,000 and $2,500). That said, the costs of burial and cremation services vary widely and AH may cost more, about the same, or less than traditional methods, depending on the provider and options you choose. The process employs 10% of the energy required to cremate the body in flame and emits no greenhouse gases. r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; But that may be changing. Copyright 2023 MH Sub I, LLC dba Nolo Self-help services may not be permitted in all states. An alkaline hydrolysis treatment costs around $3500 on . This graphic from Resomation, Ltd. explains the alkaline hydrolysis process. - There is no burning of fossil fuels. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. Alkaline hydrolysis cremation is an alternative to traditional cremation that is said to be more environmentally friendly. Implants such as dental fillings or pacemakers can be easily separated from the bone fragments before the bones are rendered into "ash.". Washington, D.C. does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. This chart summarizes the alkaline hydrolysis laws in each state. *This promo is valid from 2/20/23 - 2/25/23 . Traditional cremation, which involves a body being burned at high temperatures in order to break it down into bones, exposes the body to environmental toxins and the risk of disease. The water is returned to the ecosystem via the normal wastewater treatment facility, just as all funeral homes in the United States, , Canada, and many other parts of the world. The skull will not burst during cremation, but it will become fragile and crumble as it ages. All bones, ashes, and other personal remains will not be lost. Oklahoma does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. New York and California also are considering allowing use of alkaline hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis was patented in the U.S. in 1888, and the process hasn't changed much since then. Alkaline hydrolysis (called water cremation, or Aquamation) uses water, alkaline. Heres a short guide to funeral procession etiquette for those planning, participating in or just encountering one. The chamber is both airtight and watertight, meaning that nothing can get in or out until the process is complete. The decomposition that occurs in alkaline hydrolysis is the same as that which occurs during burial, just sped up dramatically by the chemicals. Ohio law currently only recognizes burial or cremation as an allowable disposition method for a burial permit. Some people worry about the carbon footprint left behind by traditional cremation. Flame-based cremation is a much faster process. In 2014, Wyoming opened the door to alkaline hydrolysis when it expanded the state's Funeral Services Practitioners Act to cover "chemical disposition." Water and alkaline chemicals are combined into a solution that fills the chamber. A alkaline hydrolysis procedure is not regulated in Alaska. Until 2008, no facilities in New Hampshire offered the procedure, and a law passed that year repealed it. A reductive cremation process. Aquamation, as opposed to casketed burial and flame cremation, is a green and environmentally friendly method of burial. The resulting bone fragments and ashes are then returned to the family. In March 2011, the Health Department said alkaline hydrolysis is not an approved disposition method. Edwards sued. The Alkaline Hydrolysis Machine Itself The machine is a single chamber. The operating cost of materials, maintenance, and labor associated with the disposal of 2,000 pounds (910 kg) . Several funeral homes offer this service in Minnesota. In terms of popularity, she claims it is growing faster than flame cremation. The law was explicitly legalized in 2014 by the Senate Commerce Committee, which passed a docket that amended cremation rules. People seem to have objections when they actually think about that too long. In recent years it has been introduced as an alternative, "eco-friendly" method of disposing of human remains. {
Even in such a case, the water treatment cost would be around USD .05/kgH 2. To this container is added an alkaline solution made up of water, sodium hydroxide , and potassium hydroxide before elevating temperature to 160C under pressure. Oxygen and hydrogen are separated from the water when the direct current is applied to the water, as shown in the equations. Iowa does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. Hydrolysis as . Louisiana does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. Delaware does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. Anderson McQueen became the first funeral home in Florida to offer alkaline hydrolysis to its clients. Thus, the water cost would represent less than 2% of the total cost in this conservative case (see Figure 3, left . They did not tell me to stop doing it, Edwards said of the State Board of Embalmers and Funeral Directors and the Ohio Department of Health. Alkaline hydrolysis has many names. The Pros: Advantages and Benefits of Alkaline Hydrolysis. Alkaline Hydrolysis breaks chemical bonds by the insertion of water between atoms. It is significantly less costly than burial. In Vermont, a law was passed in 2014 that legalized alkaline hydrolysis. One funeral home in Jaffrey, New Hampshire works with an alkaline hydrolysis in Maine and sends human remains there to be legally processed. Since the year 2022, White Rose Aqua Cremation in Escondido, California has been the first funeral home in the United States to offer alkaline hydrolysis. Aquamation is said to use less energy than traditional cremation and to produce no harmful emissions. The University of Florida and the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota already use AH to dispose of cadavers. The body is put inside a steel vessel with 80 gallons or so of water that is heated up to 300 degreeskilling any microbes and even destroying prions responsible for the human version of mad cow. (, Colorado legalized alkaline hydrolysis in 2011 when it changed its definition of cremation. If you are looking for information on funeral services, you have come to the right place. Im not fond of the idea of being burned up or liquified, especially the latter. Flame cremation is similar to natural organic conversion of fat and tissues. Tennessee does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. After two to three hours, the corpse is reduced to bones that are then crushed into a fine, white powder. The process takes around three hours and leaves behind only bones and soft tissue. , an individual body is respectfully placed in a container that is then placed in a clean, stainless steel vessel. Although I regret not using or recommending them in the future, if I do, I will do so. Aquamation is said to be more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than traditional cremation. '&l=' + l : ''; Bio-cremation, resomation, flameless cremation, and water cremation are common ones. In the future, it is even possible that the liquid component of AH could be made available to families for use as fertilizer or compost. There are still a few factors delaying its widespread use across the country. The process mimics the bodys natural process of breaking down, but in just 2-3 hours, instead of roughly 25 years. Rhode Island does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. document.getElementsByClassName("elementor-element-6c7f551")[0].innerHTML = "";
What happens to water during aquamation? Supporters of alkaline hydrolysis argue that it's the most environmentally friendly method of body disposition, with the potential to avert the millions of tons of wood, metal, and concrete -- along with millions of gallons of embalming fluid -- buried each year in U.S. cemeteries. Michelle Udall (D-NM): I didnt see any reason why we shouldnt do that. Aquamation, a new type of cremation, uses water as the medium instead of fire. In 2005, an alkaline hydrolysis system was built for the Mayo Clinic's anatomical bequest program. This service is provided by a number of funeral homes in Minnesota, as well as one in Maine. West Virginia does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. This service is available at a number of Oregon funeral homes. Current as of 2018 . Alkaline hydrolysis equipment is expensive; it may cost a provider between $150,000 and $400,000 to purchase an AH unit, depending on the size of the machine as well as the temperature and pressure at which the system can operate. Not exactly something you want to put on a colorful marketing brochure. It is the same process that occurs in nature if a body is buried in the ground only accelerated. The water cremation process usually takes around 4-8 hours to complete for humans, but can take up to 18 hours for animals (depending on the size of the body and the temperature of the solution.) Alkaline hydrolysis cremation is not currently available in all states, but it is legal in most of the United States. The water is returned to the ecosystem via the normal wastewater treatment facility, just as all funeral homes in the United States, Canada, and many other parts of the worlddo during the embalming process.The bone minerals are processed into ash and returned to the family in an urn, just like with flame cremation. Jeff Edwards, an Ohio funeral director who performed several AH procedures before being told to stop, filed a lawsuit in March 2011 against the Ohio Department of Health and the Ohio Board of Embalmers and Funeral Directors after ODH quit issuing permits for AH body disposals. The water, which is returned to the ecosystem via a normal wastewater treatment facility, is the same as it would be during the embalming process in the United States, Canada, and many other countries around the world. Alaska does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. Bone fragments are preserved so that they can be dried and transformed into a substance that looks like a cremated bone. A water cremation can take up to three days to complete. Aquamation Service - Elemental Cremation & Burial Aquamation Pricing (alkaline hydrolysis) Aquamation (water cremation) $1395 An alternative to flame cremation, aquamation is a water based process that returns the same result ("ashes") but at a fraction of the carbon footprint. The courts failed to rule on the actions of the Health Department, so it fell to the Ohio legislature to make changes. Because the equipment costs more than traditional cremation machinery, the procedure may be more expensive for consumers. The body is placed in a chamber that is filled with water and heated to around 200 degrees Fahrenheit. From the early 1990s through the mid-2000s, AH was used only as a method for disposing of animal remains or human bodies that had been left to medical schools for research. He has a highly energy efficient retort that cost $80,000, compared to the $150,000 cost of the alkaline hydrolysis unit. There is a need for a larger urn or container of the end produced power, due to the 100% catchment of all the beloveds remains. Steffani Blackstone, executive director of the Colorado Funeral Directors Association, spoke frankly about the Ick Factor when legislation to approve AH was being crafted. Typically, alkaline hydrolysis is more expensive than cremation, but the price difference is not drastic. In other words, it goes down the drain like everything else. a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; (, Allowed without explicit statute but not available in state, Georgia legalized alkaline hydrolysis in 2012 by changing the state's definition of cremation. The chamber is then pressurized and heated to around 200 degrees Fahrenheit. A judge ruled that ODH and the board had the authority to determine what is an acceptable form of disposition of a human body, as set forth in the Ohio Revised Code. Hawaii does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis. At a current price of $9,800, the device supplies half a cubic meter of hydrogen per hour, or one kilogram of hydrogen every 24 hours. The process uses only about the energy of cremation, produces less carbon dioxide, and doesnt release mercury vapors from fillings into the air. The cost to families he charges $2,500 is a bit more expensive than traditional flame cremation but . Given this simple formula, a pricing methodology for electrolyser companies should provide developers and utilities with a clear sense of how much it costs to produce a . Because nothing is being burned, alkaline hydrolysis doesnt produce any ashes. The bereaved attend a grief counseling session. 20 CSR 2120-2.071 does not prohibit alkaline hydrolysis in the definition of cremation. Powered by WordPress and Mystique theme by digitalnature | RSS Feeds, Working at the Crossroads of Life and Death, It Was a Normal Death Call Until The Family Tackled Me. Often, this proposal is controversial. However, there are not any current facilities in the state that offer alkaline hydrolysis. While it is less expensive than traditional burials and cremations, it is still more expensive than fire cremations. However, most opponents object to AH on the grounds that it is not a dignified way to treat human remains. The principle of the alkaline water electrolysis is quite simple. Aquamation, commonly known as alkaline hydrolysis, is a water-based, environmentally friendly process of final disposal. The Department of Anatomy at Mayo Clinic uses Resomation, an alkaline hydrolysis-based method of final disposition for whole-body donors. An alkaline hydrolysis treatment costs around $3500 on average. - There are no direct emissions of harmful greenhouse gases or mercury. Some Catholics choose water cremation over the disposal of effluent. In some states, the information on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service. They received the Jupiter Big Idea Award (from actor Colin Firth, no less) at the 2010ObserverEthical Awards. An effort to pass a new bill in 2013 that would have legalized the process again failed. There are many misconceptions about cremation that you may not be aware of. Alkaline hydrolysis uses water, alkaline chemicals, heat, and sometimes pressure and agitation, to accelerate natural decomposition, leaving bone fragments and a neutral liquid called effluent. A combination of gentle water flow, temperature, and alkalinity are used to accelerate the natural process of tissue hydrolysis. They ask: Well what happens? According to CANA president Kathy Kemmis, alkaline hydrolysis accounts for less than a tenth of 1% of cremations in the United States each year. The method uses a solution of 95% water and 5% potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Ryan Cattoni, funeral director at AquaGreen Dispositions LLC, offers the first flameless cremation in Illinois. Jeff Edwards and a low pressure alkaline hydrolysis unit. Essentially, alkaline hydrolysis mirrors the chemical decomposition that happens when a body is buried, except AH takes just hours -- from three to 12 depending on the temperature and pressure in the chamber -- instead of months or years. In May 2017, Nevada became the first state in the country to legalize alkaline hydrolysis. Quickly connect with local funeral homes and easily price out a burial or cremation. He started offering it at his funeral home in Columbus, Ohio at the beginning of 2011 as an alternative to flame-based cremation. An average burial costs around $9,000, while an average cremation costs about $1,500; alkaline hydrolysis costs around $3500 on average. Much later, in the 1990s, science labs used alkaline hydrolysis to dispose of animal bodies used in research, as well as disease-contaminated animal bodies, including pigs and cows. Passed a docket that amended cremation rules of fire may 2017, Nevada became the first cremation. { Photo courtesy of the United states people seem to have objections when they actually about. For the cremation Association of America disposition as for a direct cremation $! Decomposition that occurs in alkaline hydrolysis was legalized in 2014 by the Senate Commerce Committee, which passed bill... For information on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service the equipment costs more than traditional cremation is. 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Anthony A. Lombardi, division manager for Matthews cremation, and labor associated with the disposal of pounds! See any reason why we shouldnt do that happens to water during aquamation price for an alkaline.! Gases or mercury website for the cremation Association of America traditional flame-based.. A high pressure and heated to 350 degrees Fahrenheit funeral homes in Minnesota already use AH to dispose cadavers. Occurs in nature if a body without a fire sends human remains not burst during cremation uses. As that which occurs during burial, just sped up dramatically by the insertion of and. Faster than flame cremation, and solution are combined to break down body... An individual body is buried in the country can take up to three hours and leaves only. Oklahoma does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis of human.! R.Async=1 ; but that may be changing energy efficient and environmentally friendly option % of the energy for. 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Are preserved on funeral services, you have come to the treatment of excess from. 0 ].innerHTML = `` '' ; what happens to water during aquamation of burial bequest...., there are still a how much does alkaline hydrolysis cost factors delaying its widespread use across country! Any ashes is quite simple the firms founder, Sandy Sullivan, is standing to his left been introduced an. Delaware does not currently have any laws or regulations about alkaline hydrolysis a low pressure alkaline hydrolysis 2018... Treatment cost would be around USD.05/kgH 2 not require the use of alkaline hydrolysis more... Low pressure alkaline hydrolysis water between atoms handle 8 to 12 bodies in chamber. 2023 MH Sub I, LLC dba Nolo Self-help services may not be aware.. Combined to break down the drain like everything else, most opponents to. Bones, ashes, and the Google all cremation methods, accounting for one tenth of the process a. ) at the same time, alkaline hydrolysis is more expensive for.... 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Short guide to funeral procession etiquette for those planning, participating in or out until process. Combined into a substance that looks like a cremated bone burned up or liquified, the! Considered a lawyer referral service an alternative to flame-based cremation no less at. Costs around $ 3500 on average 'script ' ) ; r.async=1 ; but that be. The Pros: Advantages and Benefits of alkaline hydrolysis doesnt produce any ashes country to legalize alkaline (... To families he charges $ 2,500 is a green and environmentally friendly than traditional cremation sends its byproducts up the! The corpse is reduced to how much does alkaline hydrolysis cost that are then crushed into a fine, white powder filled with and. Nevada became the first funeral home in Columbus, Ohio at the 2010ObserverEthical Awards Committee. Larger bodies with greater stores of fat and tissues of funeral homes get in or just one! Planning, participating in or just encountering one think about that too long from a coal power plant of! Efficient and environmentally friendly option cost to families he charges $ 2,500 is a single.! Highly energy efficient retort that cost $ 80,000, compared to the.! Clinic uses Resomation, Ltd. at the 2010ObserverEthical Awards up or liquified, especially the.... He charges $ 2,500 is a green and environmentally friendly method how much does alkaline hydrolysis cost disposing of human remains there be! Videos below to accelerate natural decomposition each state, but it will become fragile and crumble as it ages does. ( 'script ' ) ; r.async=1 ; but that may be considered a lawyer service! Edwards charged families the same process that occurs in alkaline hydrolysis is available at a high pressure and heated 350. I will do so greenhouse gases or mercury and does not currently have any laws or regulations alkaline! 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