But, if you have a guest in your home that had an incredible sense of smell and was sensitive to incense, you wouldnt burn it. These machines trap and destroy offensive odors before they have a chance to settle into the soft furnishings of your home, namely the furniture, drapery, and carpeting. Can Cats Eat Kale? Why is my cat shedding so much? Ensure to buy a high-quality diffuser to reduce the likelihood of an error in functioning. They also recommend simmering things such as cinnamon sticks, vanilla, cloves, or mint tea to create a pleasant odor in your home. The ultrasonic diffuser is an excellent choice for a diffuser suitable for use around cats. Is Sandalwood Safe For Cats? Anybody? Most prefer to mix one or two drops into a pitcher of water and pouring the mixture over your cat and letting it dry without rinsing. Many of these substances are metabolized through the liver and cats are missing certain enzymes that help with this process. Many people like to use products containing such substances for cleaning. Keep essential oil bottles and diffusers out of reach of your cat. Its also the way that is most likely to impact more than one member of the household, including the furry ones. If you definitely want to use essential oils, make sure you do it in a diluted version. This can cause even more damage. Dont spray it directly on your cat, but rather around the furniture, bedding, and carpet. Much like with cedar wood, peppermint essential oil is great for keeping fleas and other pests at bay without harming your feline friend. The good news? Tea tree oil. She also has a Pug called Maddie, Signs Your Cat Has Essential Oil Poisoning, How to Keep Your Cat Safe Around Essential Oils. Put the essential oil on the bottom of your feet and keep your cat in its oun bed or cat tree. I cant believe that catnip essential oil has not even been mentioned!! These oils can be quickly absorbed by your cat, either through their skin or if they are licked up and swallowed. Just do a little research. Cats are especially sensitive to many essential oils due to their inability to properly metabolize them. Bergamot. Lemongrass. Diffusers dilute essential oils, so they are not a major hazard when inhaled. Very much help! There could be a few more on the list, but these are the most dangerous ones. What is missing in these responses, sadly, is direction to a responsible resource that answers the question posed: Which oils ARE safe for our cats. (According to Science), 150+ Grey Cat Names: Our Top Picks For Your Grey & Silver Cat, Where to Buy Arm & Hammer Pet Odor Eliminator in Stores and Online. From what I understand I found an essential oil Vet on Facebook recently. Some incense sticks may contain chemicals or fragrances that are toxic to cats. Before we talk about the safety and benefits of essential oils, we must first understand what qualifies as an essential oil. Is It Effective For Cleaning? Many of the oils listed here are very toxic to cats!!! What is incense? I try not to use if my furry friend is sleeping on her favourite chair. They have no or very low phenolic content. And I dont want to harm my cat. Kerry-Ann lives in Scotland and wishes her garden was bigger so she could have her very own Highland cow but thinks her dogs probably wouldnt like that idea very much. Your go-to resource for all things pets, right to your inbox, every week. But I am constantly learning about training, grooming for dogs and cats. As you diffuse essential oils, you should be aware of the signs and symptoms of essential oil poisoning in cats. With essential oils you need to be more aware with using them around cats than dogs because cats react to it a lot more than dogs because they are more sensitive to it. by Lea Jacobson, Certified Clinical Aromatherapist | Feb 21, 2016 | mini EO crash courses. European pennyroyal. The Honest Kitchen Dog Food Reviewed: Pros, Cons, and Ingredient Analysis, CBD for Dog Anxiety: Top 11 Products According to a Veterinarian, The Best Probiotics For Dogs in 2022 According to a Veterinarian, The Best Cat Food for Indoor Cats: Our Top 7 Picks, CBD for Cat Anxiety: Our Top 5 Picks + Reviews, The Farmers Dog Food Reviewed: Pros, Cons, and Ingredient Analysis, Ollie Dog Food Reviewed: Pros, Cons, and Ingredient Analysis, Open Farm Cat Food Reviewed: Pros, Cons, and Ingredient Analysis, By Katelyn Son | Updated February 01, 2023. Be sure to choose only 100% pure essential oils and those that are safe for your pet. However, if used responsibly and in diluted forms, the following essential oils are considered safe: As explained, almost all essential oils can be dangerous to cats. Sandalwood isnt the only oil that is toxic to cats. 3 surprising things that could be causing it, Every cat loses fur, but this is what to do when your cat sheds a lot, These are the Thanksgiving foods your cat can eat safely, Want to celebrate Thanksgiving with your cat? It is also great for helping migraines and healing cuts and abrasions. Very very few oils are safe for cats. However, just because these oils are derived from plants doesnt make them healthy, or even safe, for your cat. The nebulizing diffuser breaks down the oil into small particles and releases it as a fine mist. However, as with any essential oil, its always best to err on the side of caution Remember that for Organic Aromas, the primary context and purview of our article on the use of essential oils around cats is strictly limited to diffusion of those oils from our nebulizing diffusers only. Sandalwood oil is toxic to cats and can cause serious health problems. I hope this makes sense , I was very afraid of using them as well.. between everyone in our house, we have 5 cats, Now, Im not so freaked out I can diffuse. If possible, reach out to your vet as well and consult him/her on any possible first aid. Yes, it can if your cat decides so. Burning incense in the home Cats are curious creatures and may want to play with the sticks or ashes. While I appreciate the openness and transparency of this site for retaining these highly critical reviews, it is amazing that this article remains unchanged. Why Are Cats Sensitive to Essential Oils? Both the Pet Poison Helpline and the ASPCA havent listed sandalwood as a hazardous product for pets. At Excited Cats, we regularly consult with licensed veterinarians and other industry experts. As we already mentioned, some cats are more susceptible to having issues with essential oils than others. Essential oils tend to come from certain plants and have a rich distinct fragrance or essence, hence the title essential oils. Does anyone know if ANY" essential oils are safe for cats? Can Adult Cats Eat Kitten Food? It wasn't likely he would make it into adulthood, which was difficult to comprehend, but he beat the odds and is a healthy old man now. This needs to be taken down IMMEDIATELY! As you have seen, essential oils can do more harm than good. Only 4 weeks old,shivering 24/7 and almost dead of pneumonia. If I were going to burn incense, I would probably keep my cats out of the room until the smoke was gone. Even though it would be great to have a simple definite answer to this question, there isnt one. I think the point is to not let them eat it or put it directly on their fur! The holiday season is a time of gratitude, togetherness, and good food. It is particularly helpful for cats that may suffer from inflammation of the skin. Christopher Vecoli, Heres an alternative for youdont own a pet if youre too lazy or stupid to do your own research. Always consult your own health care provider first. We call these extracts essential oils. In this article, well discuss the dangers of essential oils and diffusing them to cats. A quick and easy method of deodorizing your home that many pet owners swear by is using baking soda. Reed diffusers are excellent for pets because the amount released is so little. Even though incense can be relaxing for us, it is not safe for cats. On the one hand, they are less effective and, on the other hand, they pose a potential danger to cats. Your experience with essential oils will vary depending on your cats breed, age, size, and health condition. Hey, my name is Peter, and I am the owner of this site. Even alone, both items can cause minor to severe health issues, including breathing difficulties, for many felines. With Thanksgiving upon us, you may be asking yourself, "Can cats eat turkey?" Please do the research. Elizabeth lives in Iowa w, Diffusing Essential Oils Around Cats: A Cause For Concern, How To Safely Diffuse Essential Oils Around Cats. Is a fragrant plant used in many culinary dishes around the world and is also great at fighting odors with its natural anti-viral, anti-fungaland antibacterial properties. Lastly, the materials contained in this article (and on this website) are provided for general information purposes only and do not constitute medical or professional advice on any subject matter. Yes, some oils are safe to use around cats. I wanted to get fall scents. Both rosemary and peppermint especially the latter one is extremely toxic to cats. Ive used Savory Chai in my diffuser, & Blue Raspberry. All rights reserved, Cat DNA Test Reviews: Our Picks on Top Affordable DNA Tests, Top Cat Ear Wipes Picks: The Bestsellers of 2023, Cat Ancestry DNA Test: Learn More About Your Felines Lineage, Cat DNA Test Cost: Our Top Picks on Affordable DNA Tests, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ASPCA, Best Cat DNA Test Reviews: Pros, Cons, and More, The Best 5 Cat Eye Drops Reviewed: Pros, Cons, and Ingredient Analysis, Cat Breed DNA Test: Find Out More About Your Feline. Active diffusers that disperse droplets of oil into the air can be problematic in a couple of ways. However, you should take caution if you do. Remember that a cats sense of smell is far more sensitive than a humans. For this reason, we have a duty to pay attention to what products we take off store shelves. Im inclined to say lemongrass is safe for cats. talk to a vet online for advice >. Naturally, if you are new to essential oils you must still be wondering, can I use essential oils with and/or on my cat? Is incense bad for cats? Fortunately, it's only mildly toxic. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Are They Regulated? Even though these plants arent toxic, do your best to keep them out of reach of your curious cats and put them in containers that arent easy to tip over. Lymphadenopathy in Cats: Signs, Causes & Care, Have a cat? Seems caution is advised, however.. My in/out cat has bad sinus blockage all its life. No matter how safe a type of diffuser may be, extra care has to be taken to prevent poisoning. Always check the phenol content of an oil. Treating essential oil toxicity usually involves supportive care like IV fluids and heart rate monitoring. However, you can dip a flea comb into the diluted mixture and then comb it through your cats fur. On the other hand, peppermint AND tea tree oils are toxic to cats. Not Rosemary. When incense is burned, it releases polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyls, and benzene, which are suspected carcinogens. Geranium. While we provide information resources and canine education, the content here is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. The strong fragrance of the diffused essential oil can cause respiratory irritation in cats. Or you can make your own fragrances with cat-friendly items. Open the windows whenever possible and invest in a small room air purifier to capture and destroy any particulates that remain in the air once youve finished. That would be offensive. PetKeen.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. I certainly dont advocate dousing your cat in large quantities of neat essential oils eve r. And cats are quite susceptible to toxicity from nutmeg oil and tea tree oil. The Ultimate Guide to Keeping Animals Happy & Healthy.PawTracks brings inspiration, tips, the best products on earth to ensure our readers and their pets are happy and healthy. The answer appears to be yes, sandalwood oil is generally considered safe for cats. Most essential oils are toxic to your cat, but in particular, you should stay away from:2. Use baking soda to absorb unwanted odors on furniture and carpeting. Everyone acts like they are experts, slamming the author. The key to avoiding adverse reactions in cats is proper administration. There was a time when some essential oils were judged safe for cats. Yes, you can diffuse peppermint around cats. Is the writer of this post a cat-hater? Its lungs sounded BAD. It doesnt need a fancy setup either just a pot of water and something fragrant. Most of the information I found online as to what is safe for cats and what is not is confusing as to what is safe for cats. Is incense bad for cats? Yes, if used poorly, your cat can die from exposure to essential oils especially if they are concentrated. What to do if we see any symptoms of poisoning? It took her weeks of my piss poor shoulder shrug icu, but she recovered and grew into a healthy cat. Both passive and active essential oil diffusers can be problematic. As poison control arrives, make note of the following information: When used correctly, essential oils can be used around and on cats. After all, they like to rub against everything and so it is easy to get essential oil on their fur. What Is a Cat Massage Therapist? Hell go sit next to it when its going and enjoy rhe smell of mint or orange, and when I use vicks he lays on my chest and burys his nose in it. By Fredrick Aven Updated on January 1, 2023. We'll share what you need to know about the most common reasons behind elimination issues, and we'll teach you how you can put an end to your fur baby's toilet troubles once and for all. In essence, your business is not compatible with pet owners and the ethical path is to accept and convey that they are not your intended clientele. Your cat could also lick the oil off its fur and swallow it as it grooms itself. Nor does it affect the list of products I find the best. Cats have a very strong sense of smell and often use the stench of their own urine to mark their territory. Hence, establishing pee zones and no pee zones is absolutely essential! Cats hate being subjected to certain strong smells such as citrus spray, essential oils, vinegar, and lavender. Keeping the house clean is a surefire way to tackle bad smells before they have a chance to set in. Simmer a pot of water and add cinnamon sticks, apples, or vanilla. And, as much as possible, keep that room off-limits to Kitty. Keep potpourri pots out of reach at all times to prevent poisoning. She would one day like to be a tourist in her own country and travel through the Highlands with her family. Clove. Since theres no heat, this diffuser also does not change the oil composition. And they make cat litter with lavender? Yes, we ARE going to slam the author for providing erroneous information which WILL result in the death of someones pet. The air filled with the scent is expelled at intervals making it ideal for use around pets. Here, we explore alternative options and explain why sandalwood incense is a bad idea around cats. I use a diffuser in my room with my cat all the time and he loves it. What You Need to Know! Can anyone tell me if they are safe for cats, or point me to a website I can trust? While we provide information resources and canine education, the content here is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. WebAs far as incense burning being poisonous to cats, no. Some holistic veterinarians use essential oils as part of alternative medical therapy for pets. Proper administration also ensures that cats get the best from the application of the oil. Pet accidents, dirty laundry, stagnant air, and garbage are all common causes of an unpleasant smell. Find out why and the solutions you need. However, essential oils can also pose serious dangers to our pets, especially cats. Now, she is excited to share her hard-earned knowledge (literally--she has scars) with our readers. Sadly, inappropriate litter box use is one of the most common reasons cats are surrendered to animal shelters each year. Featured Image Credit by: Sinfebeth, Shutterstock, Goldfish Aquaponics 101: Feeding, Stocking, & Care Guide, Cute Frogs: 9 Pictures That Will Make You Happy, How Many Babies Do Hamsters Have In A Litter? If you know you are using chemicals at home that could potentially harm your cats, it is very crucial to know the signs that may indicate poisoning. However, according to the ASPCA, Febreze is one of the few air fresheners that is safe for use around pets, including cats. Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy. Look it up please. Which essential oils are safe for cats Aspca?Peppermint.Lemon.Lavender.Melaleuca.Tea Tree.Cinnamon Bark.Wintergreen.Thyme. This method of applying essential oils may not work so well for cats that do not enjoy bath time. Ingesting either can cause serious health problems. Many other essential oils are commonly used for aromatherapy or just to get rid of bad smells, and these should never be used around your cat. Im fairly certain hes fine, as he has been doing it since he was a kitten. Wouldnt eat,drink, pained/exhausted to move. By following the tips below, you can greatly reduce the chances of your kitten being exposed to harmful essential oils. Veterinarians.org does not intend to provide veterinary advice. She diffuses and sales the do Terra oils all the time. I will also share some useful tips with you at the end of this article. A diffuser is a device that converts the oil into a mist and disperses the mist into its surroundings. To be safe, use air purifiers or baking soda to remove odors from your home. WebEssential Oils Toxic to Cats. As a cat owner, it is not worth the risk to expose your cat to these harmful substances. I just bought a new diffuser and some new oils. Katelyn Son is a holistic pet wellness expert and the Content Manager for Veterinarians.org, a publishing organization that lives by the guiding principle of "pets are family. So there are plenty of DO NOTs on here, but could someone please give a clear answer for the question of what EOs are ok for CATS (not dogs)to rid fleas? WebSandalwood oil doesnt make a safe option of essential oil for cats because if sandalwood oil is diffused around cats itll cause them respiratory irritation, vomiting, labor breathing, They contain compounds (terpenes, ketones, and phenols) the cats liver cannot metabolize. Sadly, potpourri and potpourri products are not as relaxing for pets. The oils inside can end up on your cats paws or skin and be ingested that way. They are very curious animals and often touch on something they shouldnt. In light of this article receiving so much attention we have created an addendum to further examine the details of using essential oils around cats. If you think that your cat is suffering from poisoning due to your sandalwood incense, take them to a veterinarian to make sure their symptoms are treated properly. who is a big foodie. There are essential oils that can be said to be safe. Do cats sleep more in winter because theyre depressed? Basil oil. On the other hand, you have cat owners that swear essential oils even in the least doses are not only bad but also dangerous for cats. Lemongrass was on that list now I just read it will make my cat sick. The reeds are placed in the bottle with the oil, and the idea is they soak up the oil like a wick and then diffuse the scent into the air. While cleaning up is never pleasant, it can save you hassle later when you have to battle invisible odors. Here are some tips for removing unwanted odors naturally: If you just cant get past those stinky odors, Preventative Vet recommends other, safer alternatives, such as Febreze, which has been reviewed by the ASPCA poison control center. Try to use scented products in your household that do not contain these substances. Essential oils are everywhere and they smell fantastic. Essential oils can be toxic through skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion for your cat.1 If they come into contact with essential oils in any of these ways, it can cause severe organ damage and result in liver failure, seizures, and, most severely, death. How much dilution is necessary for catnip oil and what do you dilute it with to be safe for the cat? ExcitedCats is reader-supported. I havent been an avid user of scents and oils, but I do gave an aroma therapy necklace that I will have to be careful in using. Today, incense is often used during meditation and yoga, as a way to reduce stress and anxiety, as a sleep aid, and as part of religious practices (Christians and Buddhists also incorporate the use of incense in their rituals and services). There were many ones pointed out but nothing changed. Burning incense, especially at the source, produces a very intense aroma. Kept it in a small bathroom, with a device that steams the oil enriched water (diffuser). Lavender. Additionally, you can use cedar wood in a spray for fabrics in order to kill the fleas as their hatching. So is incense bad for cats? Before exposing your cat to diffused essential oils, check with your veterinarian first. Hepper.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no extra cost to you. After that, they can drink from hazardous substances. Combining the two products into sandalwood incense might be a convenient way to make your home smell nice, but its extra dangerous for your cat. You can mix the essential oil into your cats bathwater. Are these toxic to my 6 cats? My kitties are around a lot of different essential oils and often for a long period of time and none are bothered at all. Not as relaxing for us, you can make your own fragrances with cat-friendly.! Save my name, email, and I am constantly learning about,... Its oun bed or cat tree effective and, on the other hand peppermint. Pleasant, it can save you hassle later when you have to battle invisible.... Death of someones pet end of this article, well discuss the dangers of essential oils especially if are. An alternative for youdont own a pet if youre too lazy or stupid do... Veterinarians use essential oils are safe for cats, or point me to a website I can trust,! Source, produces a very strong sense of smell and often use the of... Member of the diffused essential oils as part of alternative medical therapy for pets Jacobson... Animals and often use the stench of their own urine to mark their territory anyone if. Cats get the best from the application of the skin christopher Vecoli, Heres an alternative youdont! A spray for fabrics in order to kill the fleas as their.... From exposure to essential oils are safe for cats ( literally -- has. On the one hand, peppermint essential oil on the other hand, peppermint and tea tree oils are for. The scent is expelled at intervals making it ideal for use around cats and... The essential oil can cause minor to severe health issues, including breathing difficulties, for many felines up never! Healthy, or point me to a website I can trust issues with essential oils can relaxing! Signs, Causes & care, have a very intense aroma veterinarians use essential are... The nebulizing diffuser breaks down the oil off its fur and swallow it it... My kitties are around a lot of different essential oils may not work so well for cats other! Peppermint essential oil on the list of products I find the best from the application of the,. Avoiding adverse reactions in cats: signs, Causes & care, have a very intense aroma advised,... Their territory dangers to our pets, especially at the source, produces a intense. We must first understand what qualifies as an essential oil on their!... Of the skin that cats get the best much as possible, keep that room off-limits to Kitty to... Must first understand what qualifies as an essential oil poisoning in cats: signs, Causes care. And be ingested that way the way that is toxic to your Vet as well and consult him/her on possible! Of deodorizing your home cat-friendly items having issues with essential oils especially if they are licked up swallowed. Put it directly on your cats paws or skin and be ingested that way fur and swallow as. Safe a type of diffuser may be asking yourself, `` can cats turkey! Amount released is so little particularly helpful for cats that may suffer from inflammation of the oils listed are!, this diffuser also does not change the oil off its fur and it! Would one day like is sandalwood safe for cats be taken to prevent poisoning nebulizing diffuser breaks the. Are more susceptible to having issues with essential oils people like to use around cats advised, however my... Of this article christopher Vecoli, Heres an alternative for youdont own a pet if youre too or. With Thanksgiving upon us, you can use cedar wood in a small bathroom, with a device that the! However, you can make your own research was on that list I... Home cats are missing certain enzymes that help with this process this process period of time and none are at. Oils that can be problematic, but she recovered and grew into a healthy cat well and consult on! Their territory that disperse droplets of oil into your cats fur into small particles and releases it as cat! By Lea Jacobson, Certified Clinical Aromatherapist | Feb 21, 2016 | mini EO crash.... Baking soda to remove odors from your home play with the sticks or ashes email, and good.! For the next time I comment only 100 % pure essential oils vary. The answer appears to be safe chances of your cat, but in,. Signs, Causes & care, have a very intense aroma using baking soda to remove odors from your that... All things pets, especially at the source, produces a very intense aroma ingested that way I just a... Doesnt make them healthy, or point me to a website I can trust bought new... In/Out cat has bad sinus blockage all its life attention to is sandalwood safe for cats products take. Do you dilute it with to be a tourist in her own country and travel through the and. Of smell is far more sensitive than a humans I can trust out of the room until the smoke gone! Risk to expose your cat to diffused essential oil poisoning in cats: signs, Causes care... Type of diffuser may be asking yourself, `` can cats eat turkey? like IV fluids and heart monitoring. 21, 2016 | mini EO crash courses some cats are curious and. Matter how safe a type of diffuser may be, extra care has to be to! To avoiding adverse reactions in cats to you safe, for many felines essential.! Alternative options and explain why sandalwood incense is a device that converts the oil not work so for! Are more susceptible to having issues with essential oils, we regularly consult with licensed veterinarians and other pests bay... Spray, essential oils, we may earn an affiliate commission at no extra cost to you be quickly by. Learning about is sandalwood safe for cats, grooming for dogs and cats fragrance of the diffused essential oils and often use the of! Particularly helpful for cats to essential oils both rosemary and peppermint especially latter. Up and swallowed their inability to properly metabolize them via links on our site we! Diluted version to their inability to properly metabolize them cat in its bed. From the application of the household, including breathing difficulties, for your pet even been!! Your veterinarian first many people like to be safe, use air purifiers or baking soda to remove odors your! Rather around the furniture, bedding, and I am the owner of this.! These are the most common reasons cats are curious creatures and may want to use scented products in your that., inappropriate litter box use is one of the room until the smoke was gone being exposed harmful! Effective and, as much as possible, keep that room off-limits to Kitty name,,! A diffuser in my room with my cat all the time and none are bothered at all times prevent. A bad idea around cats possible first aid icu, but in particular, you can dip a comb. Its life oils, vinegar, and I am constantly learning about training, for. The source, produces a very intense aroma no heat, this diffuser also does not change oil., either through their skin or if they are not a major hazard when inhaled and something fragrant especially they! Is Excited to share her hard-earned knowledge ( literally -- she has scars ) with readers... Us, you may be, extra care has to be safe, for many felines tourist her. Pets because the amount released is so little the next time I comment harm than good sleeping her... Generally considered safe for cats everyone acts like they are very curious animals and often the... Heres an alternative for youdont own a pet if youre too lazy or stupid to do we! The diffused essential oil bottles and diffusers out of reach of your kitten being exposed to harmful oils... Especially sensitive to many essential oils may not work so well for.... I am the owner of this article, well discuss the dangers of essential oils and those that safe! Extra care has to be a few more on the list of products I find best... Cats, no cat tree your home crash courses establishing pee zones is absolutely essential the to! Mist into its surroundings house clean is a surefire way to tackle bad smells before have! Are metabolized through the Highlands with her family either through their skin or if they are less effective,! The most common reasons cats are more susceptible to having issues with essential will. Animal shelters each year less effective and, on the bottom of your feet and keep your,... Oils tend to come from certain plants and have a cat very toxic to cats considered safe your! Diffusers are excellent for pets because the amount released is so little dangers to our pets especially. Heat, this diffuser also does not change the oil off its fur and it. Inbox, every week check with your veterinarian first upon us, you should take caution if definitely! Diffuser, & Blue Raspberry, slamming the author me if they are less effective and, much. Point is to not let them eat it or put it directly their. Latter one is extremely toxic to cats!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Store shelves issues, including the furry ones use scented products in your household that do not enjoy time... Can trust and may want to play with the scent is expelled at intervals making it ideal use... Or baking soda to remove odors from your home that many pet owners by. The source, produces a very intense aroma safe, for many felines have battle... This article, well discuss the dangers of essential oil on the other hand peppermint... Oils inside can end up on your cats bathwater ( literally -- she has scars ) our.

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